The United Kingdom adopted television in 1936; it began as a public service which had no advertising. In the UK we have subscription services such as Sky and free-to-view television which allows anybody to access it without any sort of subscription service, such as Free-view television. On demand television is also popular, this includes platforms such as iplayer, and also online television streaming is growing in popularity, for example Netflix.
There are different types of ownership in the UK television industry; public service channels and commercial channels. Public service broadcasting is a long and proud tradition in the UK, it delivers trusted news, UK-originated programs and distinctive content. The funding comes from the government and the primary mission is public service. The public service broadcasters are those providing Channel 3 services, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C and the BBC.Commercial television is the broadcasting of television programs by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to being sponsored by the government. Commercial broadcasting earns most profit from television advertisement, advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television networks. Companies will pay a large sum of money for their advert to be played during the ad breaks of popular television shows.
An example of a public service broadcaster is: the BBC.
BBC Television arrived on 2 November 1936. However the British Broadcasting Company started in 1922, when the government licensed the UK's six major radio manufacturers to form the new outfit.BBC television made good progress and families rushed to buy sets to watch the Queen's coronation in 1953 boosting the BBC. In 1955 the competition with ITV began, many BBC staff left to join the new ITV companies due to the commercial money making- but they tried to stay optimistic and redefined themselves with programmes still popular today. After careful planning, BBC Two was launched in 1964. Popular TV dramas like Cathy Come Home drew people in, and the popularity of the tv shows helped the BBC expanded with new channels. More competition came in with the arrival of commercial Channel 4 television in 1982, however this was a strong period for BBC programmes, with Fawlty Towers, The Generation Game, Antiques Roadshow, Question Time, Top Gear and Not The Nine O'Clock News.The late 1990s saw the BBC invest in new internet services - such as BBC News Online - and prepare for the launch of digital television by introducing new channels.It has launched new childrens' TV services CBeebies and CBBC, a cultural network, BBC Four, radio services, as well as BBC iplayer.
The BBC is a company that is independent from government intervention and the BBC Trust oversees it. The BBC is under a formal document given by the monarch as letters patents called the royal charter. This gives an individual or a body corporate power. The BBC charter lasts for 10 years and it is then renewed. The BBC Trust is the governing body of the BBC that makes sure the BBC does what it supposed to do. The chairman of the body leads the BBC trust, and there are also 12 Trustees. The Trust manages licence fee revenue and is in charge of the public interest in the BBC.The purpose of the BBC Trust is to get the best out of the BBC for licence fee payers. There is also the Executive Board, that is responsible for the operational management of the BBC. They are also responsible for delivering the BBC’s services in accordance with the strategy agreed with the BBC Trust.
I used BARB (Broadcasters Audience Research Board) to find out the statistics for the BBC. In May 2018 the average weekly viewing per person for BBC 1 was 4.5 hours, which is the longest watched programme in the UK. The week ending 10th June 2018 the the most popular channel viewed was BBC1, with 28% of people watching it the most.
Everybody that owns a television pays a license fee that funds the government to run the BBC. Therefore the BBC audience is vast and diverse and so the BBC aims to please everyone. The programmes have got to cater for a mass audience. The BBC has lots of different channels that will appeal to different target audinces more so, for example Cbeebies is for young children, where as BBC2 may appeal more so to a more mature audience.
An example of a commercial broadcaster is Channel 4:
Channel 4 gets the majority of it's income and profits from commercials and advertising, unlike the BBC that gets their income from the taxpayer’s money. Both organisations have different departments in charge of different areas. For example Channel 4 has a department called “The Programme Makers”. This department is in-charge of commission and managing the programs for all of channel four channels.Channel Four also owns, Film Four and E4. There is also a department called “The Audience Generators” which is known as the Research and Insight department. The purpose of this department is to 'research the current competitive multi-channel television environment necessitates detailed knowledge and understanding of the viewers'. In short this department connects the Channel with its viewers. Finally the last department is called “Programme Acquisition” and it has two roles in the organisations. They have to be responsible for finance and legal issues and the other responsibility they have is to source and license programmes for the channel.
There are different types of ownership in the UK television industry; public service channels and commercial channels. Public service broadcasting is a long and proud tradition in the UK, it delivers trusted news, UK-originated programs and distinctive content. The funding comes from the government and the primary mission is public service. The public service broadcasters are those providing Channel 3 services, Channel 4, Channel 5, S4C and the BBC.Commercial television is the broadcasting of television programs by privately owned corporate media, as opposed to being sponsored by the government. Commercial broadcasting earns most profit from television advertisement, advertising revenue provides a significant portion of the funding for most privately owned television networks. Companies will pay a large sum of money for their advert to be played during the ad breaks of popular television shows.
An example of a public service broadcaster is: the BBC.
BBC Television arrived on 2 November 1936. However the British Broadcasting Company started in 1922, when the government licensed the UK's six major radio manufacturers to form the new outfit.BBC television made good progress and families rushed to buy sets to watch the Queen's coronation in 1953 boosting the BBC. In 1955 the competition with ITV began, many BBC staff left to join the new ITV companies due to the commercial money making- but they tried to stay optimistic and redefined themselves with programmes still popular today. After careful planning, BBC Two was launched in 1964. Popular TV dramas like Cathy Come Home drew people in, and the popularity of the tv shows helped the BBC expanded with new channels. More competition came in with the arrival of commercial Channel 4 television in 1982, however this was a strong period for BBC programmes, with Fawlty Towers, The Generation Game, Antiques Roadshow, Question Time, Top Gear and Not The Nine O'Clock News.The late 1990s saw the BBC invest in new internet services - such as BBC News Online - and prepare for the launch of digital television by introducing new channels.It has launched new childrens' TV services CBeebies and CBBC, a cultural network, BBC Four, radio services, as well as BBC iplayer.
The BBC is a company that is independent from government intervention and the BBC Trust oversees it. The BBC is under a formal document given by the monarch as letters patents called the royal charter. This gives an individual or a body corporate power. The BBC charter lasts for 10 years and it is then renewed. The BBC Trust is the governing body of the BBC that makes sure the BBC does what it supposed to do. The chairman of the body leads the BBC trust, and there are also 12 Trustees. The Trust manages licence fee revenue and is in charge of the public interest in the BBC.The purpose of the BBC Trust is to get the best out of the BBC for licence fee payers. There is also the Executive Board, that is responsible for the operational management of the BBC. They are also responsible for delivering the BBC’s services in accordance with the strategy agreed with the BBC Trust.
I used BARB (Broadcasters Audience Research Board) to find out the statistics for the BBC. In May 2018 the average weekly viewing per person for BBC 1 was 4.5 hours, which is the longest watched programme in the UK. The week ending 10th June 2018 the the most popular channel viewed was BBC1, with 28% of people watching it the most.
Everybody that owns a television pays a license fee that funds the government to run the BBC. Therefore the BBC audience is vast and diverse and so the BBC aims to please everyone. The programmes have got to cater for a mass audience. The BBC has lots of different channels that will appeal to different target audinces more so, for example Cbeebies is for young children, where as BBC2 may appeal more so to a more mature audience.
An example of a commercial broadcaster is Channel 4:
Channel 4 gets the majority of it's income and profits from commercials and advertising, unlike the BBC that gets their income from the taxpayer’s money. Both organisations have different departments in charge of different areas. For example Channel 4 has a department called “The Programme Makers”. This department is in-charge of commission and managing the programs for all of channel four channels.Channel Four also owns, Film Four and E4. There is also a department called “The Audience Generators” which is known as the Research and Insight department. The purpose of this department is to 'research the current competitive multi-channel television environment necessitates detailed knowledge and understanding of the viewers'. In short this department connects the Channel with its viewers. Finally the last department is called “Programme Acquisition” and it has two roles in the organisations. They have to be responsible for finance and legal issues and the other responsibility they have is to source and license programmes for the channel.
By using BARB I found that in May 2018 a person watches Channel 4 on a average of 49 minutes on a weekly basis which is 3.89% of the share of total viewing.
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